Ensayos de germinación de semillas de tomate platense (Solanum lycopersicum) inoculadas con levaduras y actinobacterias

Abstract

Soil microorganisms comprise a large group of organisms that can be pathogenic or beneficial and are concentrated mainly in the rhizosphere (the zone near the roots), between 2 and 10 cm deep. They can tolerate poor soils with low moisture content. They play a fundamental role in the degradation of soil organic matter and maintain its fertility. The yeasts and actinobacteria (eukaryotic fungi and prokaryotic bacteria, respectively) used in this study are microorganisms native to northern Patagonia, which generate beneficial symbiotic associations with plants. These microorganisms adapt to salinity conditions that others cannot tolerate and promote plant growth. They can withstand high salinity environments (10% w/v). They have the ability to improve the absorption of water and phosphates, among other nutrients, they produce siderophores (which aid nutrient absorption by plants), they produce auxins, gibberellins and cytokinins, plant growth regulating hormones such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) (which influences root growth), they also produce antifungals and antibiotics (inhibiting the proliferation of pathogens). Therefore, they influence drought tolerance and improve plant establishment, growth and yield, they are regulators of soil pathogens and controllers of post-harvest diseases. For this reason, they are part of the group of microorganisms to be used as an innovative form of crop management, as biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters (El-Tarabily et al., 2003-2006; Mestre et al., 2016; Solans et al., 2022).