Impacto de políticas de restricción de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio de bebidas azucaradas: Una revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objectives. To summarize the evidence on the impact of the implementation of the ban on the advertising, promotion and sponsorship (APS) of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in terms of decreased consump-tion, advertising exposure and relevant clinical outcomes. Materials and methods. Systematic review of articles published between 2001-2021 in the PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and LILACS da-tabases written in English, Portuguese or Spanish. We included experimental, observational and economic model studies. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB2, Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies With No Con-trol Group and Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022. We carried out a descriptive synthesis of the studies. Results. We selected 11 out of 1146 identified studies. Due to the hete-rogeneity of the outcomes, it was not possible to conduct a meta-analysis. The interventions corresponded to a comprehensive policy; restrictions on television advertising, promotions, point-of-sale advertising and advertising in schools. We found changes in clinical outcomes (obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer), economic outcomes (purchase, sale, cost-effectiveness, other economic outcomes), exposure and consumption. Most of the effect measures decreased as a result of the interventions. More studies on effec-tively implemented policies are still needed. The results of the included studies should be interpreted taking into account their methodological limitations. Conclusions. Policies to restrict the APS of SSBs may be effective, particularly in reducing their consumption in children and adolescents, with a positive impact on their health