Desarrollo de una antena de doble polarización y gran ancho de banda.

Abstract

This Final Integrative Project addresses the study, design, implementation, and characterization of a dual-polarization antenna prototype—or sensor—conceived for integration into an array with applications in S-band weather radars, particularly in the 2.7 to 3.1 GHz frequency range. The main objective of this array is to offer an alternative to traditional systems that use mechanical movement to orient the main radiation beam, proposing instead a solution that allows electronic pointing without the need to physically move the elements. The project's development has been structured in interrelated stages. It began with the study of different types of antennas in order to establish a solid conceptual basis from which to approach the design. This stage proved fundamental in selecting those that met the requirements of this work. Starting from a simple initial model, the design evolved progressively through simulations, incorporating improvements that allowed for achieving a configuration compatible with the stated goals. During this process, the observed behaviors were documented to consolidate a design criterion that could be adapted to different needs. Once a configuration that showed satisfactory performance in the simulations was obtained, the implementation stage began. This consisted of manufacturing the prototype using tools and resources available at the Bariloche Atomic Center. This phase not only included machining the antenna using a milling machine, but also complementary tasks such as the manual installation of the connectors, the adjustment of the reflector plane, and the final verification of the assembly, ensuring the correct implementation of the developed design. Finally, the antenna was experimentally characterized in the semi-anechoic chamber of the National University of Río Negro, obtaining measurements that allow for the evaluation of its performance and comparison with the theoretical results. These observations are documented in this report.