El cultivo de trigo (Triticum aestivum) en la Comarca Andina del paralelo 42, análisis de la producción histórica-actual y ensayo de comportamiento varietal con el método de Agricultura Natural.

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to value the historical production and the current production of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Andean Region of Parallel 42. For this three axes of work were proposed: a) to make a compilation of historical production, b ) obtain a real panorama of the production, and c) carry out a trial of varieties with aptitude for cultivation in the area, by the method of Natural Agriculture. Data was collected informing that at the beginning of the last century a production of around 600 tons of wheat was produced in the region and that there were at least 5 mills. Then the production would go to mid-1900 due to the entry of flour at low prices of the Rio de La Plata Mills. The information gathered from the current producers that today are cultivated approximately 23 hectares of wheat. There are 6 products of one hectare each and 6 products of less than one hectare. The interviews indicated that they grew in the crop. The test of varieties made under the method of Natural Agriculture proved to have the same yields as the cultures carried out with traditional methods in the area, without the need to till the soil in depth. He proved that Kammut and Rouge de Bordeaux varieties produced more than the other varieties. It was also found that the yields of the trials and the manufacturers that are cultivated with the traditional method are around 1500-2000 Kg / ha and that they are lower than the yields obtained by a producer that grows with Direct Seeding and fertilizer use. There is probably a limitation in the amount of water and nutrients that do not allow to have more yields, so it is necessary to convince the wheat crop with the application of fertilizers and irrigation