Comparación de modelos mentales de estudiantes y docentes sobre las causas del día y la noche, las estaciones y las fases lunares: un análisis a partir de los sistemas de referencia astronómicos

Abstract

This work analyzes the evolution of mental models present in students and teachers about day and night, seasons and lunar phases. An inquiry based on drawings and explanations was carried out with 292 primary and secondary students and with teachers of all levels. The responses were classified into mental models categories. A small evolution was detected during schooling and the presence of similar conceptions in both groups. However, significant differences were identified in relation to the astronomical reference frame used predominantly by each one of them. The results suggest the revision of the way in which these contents are developed in schools and in preservice teacher education.