El manejo integrado del agua en la agricultura: necesidad de implementación y aspectos vinculados

Abstract

By 2030 the demand for water will be 40% higher than the available water and 46% of the arable areas in the world need to be irrigated due to factors related to climate change and weather conditions in general. This bibliographical review is aimed at offering theoretical elements related to the integral management of water, with emphasis on its management in agriculture, as well as some factors related to this management. The background and evolution of the paradigm of Integral Management of Hydraulic Resources in the world, in Latin America and the Caribbean and their need for implementation are analyzed. This, in relation to agriculture, considers aspects related to the amount of water used and practices aimed at preserving its quality. It included aspects related to the management of chemical products (pesticides, fertilizers and others), the mitigation of erosive processes, the control of return waters, the use and evaluation of wastewater for irrigation, among others. Global warming is another factor linked to water management. Changes in rainfall patterns and air humidity affect the use of water by crops and minimum requirements, which generates the need to establish management strategies.