Higienismo en la educación para indígenas: disciplinamiento social y sanitario en la Patagonia a partir del relato de Luis Funes y Luis Feldman Josín (1900 - 1940)

Abstract

During the last decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, the hygienist paradigm must be carried out in one of the main influences to determine policies in pursuit of the construction of a country project and a homogeneous citizenship from the parameter of civilization. The objective of this article will be to investigate the way in which hygienism as a policy, paradigm and discipline was installed as the authorized knowledge to improve the health conditions of the population, within the National Territories of Patagonia, in particular in schools located within Mapuche territories between 1900 and 1940. In order to carry out this analysis, the chronicles of two teachers, Luis Funes and Luis Feldman Josín, who were assigned to places with an indigenous population in the Patagonian region, will be taken up. On the other hand, we will analyze the effects of the interaction of these discourses with others available in the mid-twentieth century from which indigenous subjects were questioned, such as those who postulated the dichotomy between "civilization - barbarism". And, finally, we will characterize the counterpoints between the establishment of regulations at the national level and the particularity of their management in Patagonia.