Familias monoparentales y responsabilidad parental. Análisis sociojurídico

Abstract

The general objective of this thesis is to carry out a critical socio-legal analysis of single parent families and parental responsibility, through a participatory action research experience for the design, implementation and exploitation of a Survey on Single Parenthood and Family Diversity (EMODIF) in Catalonia. . And its three specific objectives are, first, to problematize androcentrism, adultcentrism and classism in approaches to single-parent families, reconceptualizing single parenthood and parental responsibility, from family diversity, the feminist approach and children's rights, adolescence and youth. Second, to develop a participatory action research methodology, in accordance with the reconceptualization of single-parent families and parental responsibility, for the design and application of an instrument for measuring family diversity (EMODIF) in Catalonia. And, thirdly, to analyze the specific results obtained in the implementation of the EMODIF in Catalonia, in relation to single-parent families and parental responsibility, to contribute to reducing its vagueness and disambiguation. Regarding the research methodology chosen to develop these objectives, it should be noted that it included an extensive program of study, social, political and academic-university mobilization at the local, regional and state level, which included, among other actions, the promotion of research and scientific and social dissemination programs, with publications, presentations and organization of thematic tables in congresses and conferences, participation in radio and television programs, production of journalistic articles, integration of commissions and advisory tables in the field of public policies, the political parties and unions, seminars and university outreach courses to the community, conferences and workshops with members of associations of single-parent families, and participation and promotion of social, scientific and knowledge networks of experiences of co-management and self-management of groups of single-parent families around their needs, inter eses and claims. This true "marathon of activities" had the general objective of providing content and making participatory action research feasible for this thesis, with the creation of spaces for meeting, exchange, reflection and debate of all the people and groups that we were working on. the field of and/or experiencing single-parent families, either from academic research, professional intervention, the design, development and implementation of public policies or from the experience of living in these family coexistence groups. It was about promoting multidisciplinary and multisectoral analyzes on single-parent families to make their realities and needs visible; cover the various possible approaches, accommodate the different sectors involved -social, political and professional- and, at the same time, allow dialogue and reciprocal participation of all of them in the discussions and debates that were emerging. Although this can be done in various ways, for this doctoral thesis we chose to do it from participatory action research. We implement it by promoting, promoting, developing and integrating a Consolidated Thematic Line of Action on Gender, Family and Single Parenthood (LATC GEFAMO), within the framework of the stable activities of the Interuniversity Research, Training and Technical Assistance Group “COPOLIS Welfare, Community and Control Social”, and later, also, from the TIIFAMO network, areas in which this thesis was developed. In this framework, the doctoral thesis provides various theoretical and empirical evidence through which it reveals the androcentric, adult-centric and classist masking of the usual approaches of single-parent families and family headship. It also provides methodological, technical and conceptual tools to neutralize it, through the socio-legal analysis of parental responsibility and parenting groups and single-parent family life, from a non-androcentric, non-adult-centric and non-class perspective, based on the iushumanist paradigm of family diversity. . Through its introduction, the methodological strategy and the technical and design instruments of the research, which were necessary to carry out a plural and participatory dialogue on single-parent families, are exhaustively contextualized. Through its introduction, the methodological strategy and the technical and design instruments of the research, which were necessary to carry out a plural and participatory dialogue on single-parent families, are exhaustively contextualized. It details, in the context of the doctoral student's trajectory in the subject, research activities, R&D and applied research projects, agreements and contracts, complementary activities and actions, seminars, postgraduate courses and meetings, international symposiums, projects innovation in university teaching, collaborative networks and/or excellence, and communications, presentations and publications that contributed to its development. Also, the discussion and theoretical elaboration of the thesis is framed, and the need for a non-androcentric, adult-centric and classist reconceptualization of single-parent families and parental responsibility as groups of upbringing and reciprocal care that are especially vulnerable to closures of social exclusion. For this, the reflections and analysis of social exclusion and vulnerable groups were presented, as a necessary framework for a case study on single-parent families; a prospective of the social exclusion of the 21st century regarding the community, the market and the State in Spain; an analysis of exploitation and social closures of exclusion; and from there, of the parenting and care groups and their formal indicators of link configuration, to end with the single-parent parenting and care groups, their challenges and current debates. These antecedents and academic production are what allowed to carry out the three articles summarized as chapters 2, 3 and 4, which are, in turn, global results of this thesis, with its methodological, technical and conceptual theoretical contributions. The methodological contribution brings us closer to a participatory action research strategy, which allows a non-androcentric, adult-centric and classist approach to single-parent families. The instrumental technical contribution provides us with the Survey on Single Parenthood and Family Diversity (EMODIF), a measurement instrument without patriarchal biases, tested and prepared for replication in comparative studies at the international level. And the conceptual theoretical contribution offers us a reconceptualization of single-parent families and parental responsibility from the paradigm of family diversity, which contributes to its disambiguation and to the reduction of the semantic and syntactic vagueness of single-parent families. All this, as a global result of the thesis, presents us with a participatory action research for the design and application of a technical instrument that, at the same time as comparing its replicability capacity, has allowed us to observe the results of applying the EMODIF in Catalonia. . And with that, check the androcentric, adultcentric and classist bias that underlies the usual approaches to single parenthood from the family head. The ability of the socio-legal approach to single-parent families and the proposed parental responsibility to reveal them is also verified, through the differentiated analysis of their ownership, exercise and regime of formal and material coexistence. It is also observed that, as an analytical category, the custody legally attributed by presumed legal mandate or judicial decision must be distinguished - to visualize their differences - from the material, factual, practical and daily custody and custody developed. Finally, it is worth highlighting the operability of considering the main or preponderant character that the asymmetric management of functions, times, tasks and reciprocal care acquires when it is carried out by women in their usual cohabitation and upbringing groups, according to child or adolescent age. of the children and the low, middle or high social class of the person in charge, as a way of revealing androcentrism, adultcentrism and social closures of class exclusion. In this sense, the exclusionary inter- and intra-class social closure suffered by single-mother families with children and low-class adults is verified, compared to other single-parent families that acquire greater visibility, statistical survey and autonomy in their survival strategies and wellness.