DSpace Colección :http://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/2112024-02-23T03:24:00Z2024-02-23T03:24:00ZEvaluación del cultivo in vitro de variedades nacionales de lúpulo (Humulus lupulus) como una alternativa a la propagación agámica tradicionalDi Sario, Lucianahttp://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/101882023-05-19T15:35:58Z2023-05-16T00:00:00ZTítulo: Evaluación del cultivo in vitro de variedades nacionales de lúpulo (Humulus lupulus) como una alternativa a la propagación agámica tradicional
Autor(es): Di Sario, Luciana
Abstract: The hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a plant of the Cannabaceae family that is characterised by being a climber, with a tall growth. The optimum geographical distribution in both hemispheres for its growth is between latitudes 35° and 55°, a region in which the city of Viedma, in the province of Río Negro, is located. Since the attraction of the crop lies in the production of cones (female inflorescences), which are mainly used as flavouring and aromatizing in beer production, the industry concentrates its demand on the female plants, which excludes the possibility of propagation via seeds. As a result, hops are almost exclusively multiplied asexually, through rhizomes or nodal cuttings, which represents a disadvantage for local producers in terms of material quality and production costs, because these practices, sustained over time, favour the spread and accumulation of viral and fungal infections. On the other hand, at present, the cultivation of national varieties has not only been relegated, but also, together with imported varieties, they don’t fulfill demands and needs of the national market. In this context, the present project aimed to evaluate the responses of three national varieties of hops, Mapuche, Nahuel and Traful to in vitro tissue culture, in order to provide the first knowledge bases on their propagation through plant biotechnology, and to meet the current demands of the brewing sector. Thus, the responses to PTC of two types of explants were evaluated: meristems and nodal sections. An efficient methodology for disinfection of plant material was established which allowed the cultivation of meristems in Murashige and Skoog (MS) nutrient medium, at half the original concentration, added with different combinations and concentrations of growth regulators. Although cytokinin-added (BAP 0.88 μM) media were used to induce multiple shoot formation, this morphogenic response was not obtained. However, this medium allowed the differentiation of meristems into shoots, which then elongated when transferred to medium with gibberellins (AG3 2.89 μM). Additionally, rooting of these shoots was achieved in two culture stages: first with IBA (2.46 μM) and BAP (0.88 μM), and then with IBA (9.84 μM) and 2,4-D (0.45 μM). However, auxin media were not essential for root formation, as some rhizogenesis events were also recorded on auxin-free media. Also, in the meristem culture, it was observed that, as incubation time increased, and with it the exposure of the tissues to different growth regulators, callus formation increased, as well as the events of indirect organogenesis.
On the other hand, although it was not possible to adjust an efficient disinfection protocol for the nodal sections, between 5 and 20% of explants were obtained free of contamination, which allowed us to advance with tissue culture, and to have sterile material, which was then successfully multiplied. Thus,in the cultivation of microstakes from in vitro material, between 30 and 70% more nodal sections rooted in medium free of growth regulators were observed than in auxin medium, which depended on the variety. The presence of auxins in the culture medium promoted callus formation; however, in contrast to the response observed in the rooting of shoots derived from differentiated meristems, direct organogenesis prevailed in this case.
Additionally, synthetic seeds were made from the encapsulation of meristems, and the influence of different storage times at 4°C was evaluated prior to their cultivation under controlled light and temperature conditions (photoperiod of 16 h light/ 8 h dark and 21 ± 2°C). The culture medium used for conversion was MS at half the original concentration, supplemented with BAP (0.88 μM) and AG3 (2.89 μM). Although the three hop varieties responded favourably to this biotechnique, without having obtained callus formation, Mapuche was the one that registered the highest conversion percentages, and some rooting events, which made it possible to obtain complete plants.
On the other hand, the process of acclimatisation and rustication of the vitroplants obtained from the different trials carried out during the research was initiated, achieving 100% survival.
In conclusion, this work constitutes the first report on the establishment of in vitro cultivation of the Argentinean hop varieties Mapuche, Nahuel and Traful. It was also possible to establish a protocol for obtaining synthetic seeds by encapsulation of meristems, which allowed progress to be made towards the establishment of new methodologies for agamic propagation and conservation of these varieties. However, new trials should be designed to optimise the disinfection of explants, especially for nodal sections from the field, and to increase the conversion and rooting percentages of seedlings obtained from synthetic seeds.
Keywords: plant tissue culture (PTC), organogenesis, synthetic seeds, growth regulators.2023-05-16T00:00:00ZProducción de microalgas a partir de dióxido de carbono y aguas residuales obtenidos de la industriaBlamey, Pablo FernandoHaberkorn, Elida Marielahttp://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/101862023-05-19T14:47:30Z2023-04-03T00:00:00ZTítulo: Producción de microalgas a partir de dióxido de carbono y aguas residuales obtenidos de la industria
Autor(es): Blamey, Pablo Fernando; Haberkorn, Elida Mariela
Abstract: At present, most industries release pollutants into the environment, generating a worldwide environmental and economic problem. To avoid further contamination, companies should investigate and apply different types of methods to treat the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents released. Therefore, and as a starting point in this work, different methodologies in use were investigated in order to select the most appropriate for the treatment of gases produced by combustion and industrial effluents from the juice company Jugos S.A. Given the profitability and diversity of products that can be obtained, it was decided to treat effluents using microalgal biomass cultivation in photobioreactors. In addition, it was necessary to determine which type of microalgae would be best adapted to the climatic conditions of the place, taking into account that the company is located in the Alto Valle de Río Negro, specifically in the city of Villa Regina. Jugos S.A. currently has a liquid effluent treatment plant under operation; however, the gaseous emissions generated by the combustion of the boilers are not treated because of their parameters are in permitted levels. For this reason, the goal of this project is to produce a microalgae that use as a substrate the greenhouse gases generated by the humotubular boilers required in the company’s processes, together with their wastewater, in order to avoid the use of mains water. Likewise, and in relation to the economic evaluation, it is foreseen the possibility of avoiding future monetary fines derived from the emission of these pollutants, therefore, the relevance of this project lies in generating a pollution-free environment, seeking in turn to improve the quality of life of the people who live in this region and also allowing the company to continue developing in an economically
beneficial way. The plant proposed to carry out this idea has mainly a screw compressor for the conduction of gases, a tubular photobioreactor of 315 m3, in addition to pumps and a downstream processing system for the separation of microalgae from the culture medium. From the processed data, it was obtained as a result that the optimal microorganism taking into account the climatic conditions of the site will be Chlorella Pyrenoidosa. In addition, through the R.Studio software, it was estimated that, from an inoculum of 10
mg/m3, 1711.66 kg of microalgae will be produced on a wet basis, taking approximately 14 days to grow.
The economic analysis carried out in this work is based on the bulk sale of the cultivated microalgae for a period of 10 years. Based on the same and taking into account the Net Present Value, it is concluded that the company would obtain profits from the invested capital, being this a positive value of $ 4,424,095,833.
It is expected that different companies in the country seek to reduce the carbon footprint produced by their processes, and this work is an example of what could be done to that purpose.2023-04-03T00:00:00ZEvaluación de la viabilidad económica de la elaboración de alimento animal a base de orujo de manzana (SIN CESIÓN)Cayuman Alonso, Javierhttp://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/70732021-05-20T14:50:43Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Evaluación de la viabilidad económica de la elaboración de alimento animal a base de orujo de manzana (SIN CESIÓN)
Autor(es): Cayuman Alonso, Javier
Abstract: No posee2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEstudio de factibilidad de instalación de una planta de biogás en el establecimiento avícola “Ponedoras del Neuquén"Palomo, Andrea C.http://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/6442019-03-25T17:03:22Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Estudio de factibilidad de instalación de una planta de biogás en el establecimiento avícola “Ponedoras del Neuquén"
Autor(es): Palomo, Andrea C.
Descripción: Este proyecto consiste en determinar la viabilidad de la propuesta de instalación de una planta
de producción de biogás, a partir de guano de gallina en un establecimiento avícola de la
provincia de Neuquén. El análisis de la propuesta consta de tres etapas fundamentales: armado de Biodigestores, adaptación de equipo Biodigestor a las instalaciones de gas que se encuentran en la avícola y puesta en marcha de proceso en lotes de producción de biogás.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZUtilización de biofiltros con plantas limnófitas para la depuración de líquidos cloacales de la ciudad de Villa Regina.Cesano Sosa, Mercedes M.http://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/5482019-03-25T17:08:13Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Utilización de biofiltros con plantas limnófitas para la depuración de líquidos cloacales de la ciudad de Villa Regina.
Autor(es): Cesano Sosa, Mercedes M.
Descripción: El proyecto consiste en la propuesta de una Planta de Tratamiento de Efluentes Cloacales para la Ciudad de Villa Regina, basada en un proceso de depuración biotecnológico con Biofiltros, que combina técnicas de fitorremediación y bioestimulación para lograr, por medio de mecanismos naturales, el grado de depuración requerido.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZEco-BreakGorordo, María F.Retamal, Katherina A.http://rid.unrn.edu.ar:80/handle/20.500.12049/5462019-06-13T12:51:28Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZTítulo: Eco-Break
Autor(es): Gorordo, María F.; Retamal, Katherina A.
Descripción: Los objetos desechables son un gran problema para la sociedad actual y uno de los más difíciles de resolver, dado que la sociedad misma ha adquirido un estilo de vida donde todo se desecha por ser más rápido, e incluso a veces, más barato que adquirir objetos o costumbres de larga duración. No obstante, siguiendo el principio de Basura = Comida (Cradleto Cradle), es que han surgido nuevas propuestas que buscan solucionar el problema. En este trabajo se realizaron estudios de mercado, organizacional, legal, técnico y financiero correspondientes para la puesta en marcha de una fábrica que llevará a cabo la producción de vasos térmicos “Eco-break” elaborados con una masa tipo-galletita revestida en su interior con un glaseado especial que resiste la bebida a altas temperaturas.2016-01-01T00:00:00Z