Evaluacion preliminar del rendimiento de dos variedades de mostaza blanca (sinapis alba L)

Abstract

In Argentina the main production area of ​​white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) corresponds to Buenos Aires, constituting a winter crop. The Andean Region of Parallel 42 ° South (CAP42 ° S), with a cold temperate climate, has appropriate edaphoclimatic conditions for its production. Although it is grown on a family scale for artisanal dressing, there are no local records of yield. In order to evaluate and improve mustard yield in the Region, the behavior of seeds of different origin (cultivar Delfina INTA and Cultivar Local) was tested, considering three sowing dates (FS): two autumnal (1st FS: 24 April and FS 2: June 1) and a spring (FS 3: October 2, according to CAP42 ° S sowing calendars), at a density of 50 pl.m-2. The phenological cycle of the crop was evaluated in the different sowings and the yield and its respective components were determined: the height of the flowering plants (H), number of flower branches (RF), siliques per plant (SP), grains per silique (GS) and the weight of 1000 seeds (P1000). The results indicated differences in the yield associated with the sowing date and the origin of the seed. Local mustard showed the best yields sowing in autumn, reducing production to less than a third in spring (2960, 2625 and 894 kg.ha-1, respectively). The yield of the cultivar Delfina was similar to the Local in the 1st FS and 3rd FS, although significantly lower in the 2nd FS. In general, in autumn sowings the yield is higher than in spring sowing, observing the same trends for SP and P1000. The duration of the cultivation decreases when the sowing date is delayed, shortening the vegetative growth period and the fruiting period until harvest. The mustard yield for CAP42 ° S is in the order of that observed for other regions of the country. Increasing the production of white mustard in CAP42 ° S would allow the production of regional products to be supplied with local inputs, promoting production at source and becoming an alternative to diversify agricultural production.