La calidad físicoquímica del agua en embalses, principales variables a considerar

Abstract

The freshwater availability constitutes one of the most critical problems of the natural resources that humanity confronts. The construction of reservoirs has been a frequent intervention to guarantee the availability of water for different uses, however to reach the sustainability of this resource, it is necessary to know its quality. This research was aimed to summarize the scientific evidence in relation to the theoretic aspects related with the evaluation of the physico-chemical water quality in reservoirs. A revision of the classics more looked up and of the most prestigious journals was realized. The general issues on the importance of the theme and theoretic aspects of a group of variables are showed: (1) the ones that determine the processes of stratification and mixture in the water column, (2) the related with the waters trophic status and (3) the major ions. It is detail some aspects of the variables related with the interaction among them, the prevailing forms, the range of concentrations ( or values ) more frequent, the pattern of distribution, the use for the evaluation of the impact of the climatic change and the classification of the quality of waters, as well as the ecological importance.